FTCE Professional Education Practice Exam

Which of the following defines 'cognates'?

1. Words that are spelled exactly the same in different languages

2. Words from different languages with similar meanings and pronunciations

3. Words that have opposing meanings

4. Words that exist only in one language

The correct answer is: Words from different languages with similar meanings and pronunciations

Cognates are words in different languages that have a common origin, typically sharing similar meanings and often similar pronunciations. This connection usually arises from the influence of a shared linguistic history or borrowing between languages. Understanding cognates can be particularly useful in language learning since they often help learners make connections and recognize vocabulary across languages, enhancing comprehension. The first choice describes cognates inaccurately by focusing solely on spelling. While some cognates may look alike, it is the meaning and pronunciation that are more relevant for the definition. The third option refers to antonyms, which are words with opposing meanings and do not relate to the concept of cognates at all. The last choice suggests that cognates exist exclusively in one language, which contradicts the very nature of cognates as words that exist in multiple languages. The focus on similarities in meaning and pronunciation is what makes the definition in the correct answer precise and relevant to cognates.