FTCE Professional Education Practice Exam

Who defined the theory of multiple intelligences?

1. John Dewey

2. Benjamin Bloom

3. Howard Gardner

4. Jean Piaget

The correct answer is: Howard Gardner

The theory of multiple intelligences was defined by Howard Gardner, a psychologist and educator who proposed this revolutionary concept in his 1983 book, "Frames of Mind." Gardner's theory suggests that intelligence is not a single entity but rather a combination of various types of intelligences that individuals can possess in different degrees. He originally identified seven distinct intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal, later adding naturalistic and existential intelligences. This perspective fundamentally changed the way educators view student capabilities and learning styles, emphasizing that teaching methods should cater to these diverse intelligences to engage students more effectively. Recognizing that individuals may excel in different areas encourages a more personalized approach to education, allowing learners to succeed according to their unique strengths. The theories offered by figures like John Dewey, Benjamin Bloom, and Jean Piaget have significantly influenced educational practices, but they do not specifically define the concept of multiple intelligences as Gardner does.